What is decarbonization and why is it so important?
Decarbonization is the key to fighting climate change. It is the process of cutting or eliminating greenhouse gas emissions by phasing out the use of fossil fuels and switching to renewable sources of energy such as sunlight, wind, and geothermal heat. The definition of decarbonization also includes the notion that society needs to adopt a strategy to rapidly decarbonize its energy mix through electrification powered by renewable energy in order to fight climate change. The decarbonization of the energy mix is often seen as an intermediate step towards a decarbonized economy and society. It can help stop global warming by removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.
Is decarbonization the same as reducing emissions?
Decarbonization and emissions are closely intertwined. Carbon emissions are a product of fossil fuel combustion and they include carbon dioxide and methane. Decarbonization is the process of removing or reducing carbon emissions from the energy supply system. So the two concepts are not the same, but rather one is the result of the other: decarbonization leads to fewer emissions.
How electrification reduces emissions
Electrification can speed up the decarbonization process and curb the impacts of climate change. It is a way to remove greenhouse gas emissions from energy consumption in many sectors, including in transportation. Electric cars will run on energy that is entirely produced from renewables and completely free from CO2 emissions. This translates into cleaner air, reduced impact on health, and lower medical costs. As well, electric cars are quiet: by cutting noise pollution, they improve quality of life. Currently in Italy, 33% of the power supply comes from renewables. This means that the estimated “well to wheel” emissions of an electric car are about 70% lower than those of a gas vehicle and about half those of a methane vehicle. As well, electrification is an opportunity for businesses and cities to become more efficient, productive, resilient, and sustainable. It is a key part of the energy transition to a net zero world.
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